Mechanism of soft ground tunnel defect generation and functional degradation

The Collapse Mechanism and Anchored Effect of Bolt-supported Tunnel in Soft Ground

The instability even collapse of tunnel would occur during the construction in soft ground. A collapse of expressway tunnel which suddenly encountered soft ground took place just after completing the anchor bolts was investigated as the study background. Based on the plastic and damage constitutive laws, the numerical method of finite element was funded for analyzing the failure mechanism of an...

the effect of functional/notional approach on the proficiency level of efl learners and its evaluation through functional test

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

Mathematical Analysis of the Behavior of Soft Ground Against Tunnelling

Mathematical Analysis of the Behavior of Soft Ground Against Tunnelling

Analytical analysis of ultimate ground pressure on tunnel support system

The ground reaction curve (GRC) is a vital component of the convergence-confinement method, which possesses many applications in the underground space designs. It defines a relation between the tunnel wall deformations and the ground pressure acting on the tunnel walls. Generally, GRC includes descending and ascending branches. According to many researchers, the descending branch trend for the ...